Artificial Intelligence

 

What is Artificial Intelligence 

ALERT-Wehave to think about this topic because in future it takes the millions of jobs of people .

 Millions of people get unemployed because of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. Specific applications of AI include expert systems, natural language processing (NLP), speech recognition and machine vision.

AI programming focuses on three cognitive skills: learning, reasoning and self-correction.

Learning processes. This aspect of AI programming focuses on acquiring data and creating rules for how to turn the data into actionable information. The rules, which are called algorithms, provide computing devices with step-by-step instructions for how to complete a specific task.

Reasoning processes. This aspect of AI programming focuses on choosing the right algorithm to reach a desired outcome.

Self-correction processes. This aspect of AI programming is designed to continually fine-tune algorithms and ensure they provide the most accurate results possible.

Advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence

Artificial neural networks and deep learning artificial intelligence technologies are quickly evolving, primarily because AI processes large amounts of data much faster and makes predictions more accurately than humanly possible.

Artificial intelligence

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WRITTEN BY

B.J. Copeland

Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Turing Archive for the History of Computing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. Author of Artificial Intelligence and others.

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Alternative Title: AI

Artificial intelligence (AI), the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. The term is frequently applied to the project of developing systems endowed with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or learn from past experience. Since the development of the digital computer in the 1940s, it has been demonstrated that computers can be programmed to carry out very complex tasks—as, for example, discovering proofs for mathematical theorems or playing chess—with great proficiency. Still, despite continuing advances in computer processing speed and memory capacity, there are as yet no programs that can match human flexibility over wider domains or in tasks requiring much everyday knowledge. On the other hand, some programs have attained the performance levels of human experts and professionals in performing certain specific tasks, so that artificial intelligence in this limited sense is found in applications as diverse as medical diagnosis, computer search engines, and voice or handwriting recognition.

Top 10 artificial intelligence companies

Top 10 artificial intelligence companies

 Top 10 artificial intelligence companies

 

The artificial intelligence industry is expected to reach $59.8 billion by 2025. With use cases in almost every industry vertical, artificial intelligence is predicted to be the future of technology by thought leaders including Bill Gates. From sales forecasting to improving productivity, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) is immense for companies worldwide.

As companies race to scale up their AI capabilities, the demand for experts in the field is expected to rise. Geography-wise, the United States accounts for 66 % percent of the total global investment in AI. As companies bet big time on AI, recruiters are paying impressive salaries to hire AI talent. Glassdoor Research estimates the average annual base pay for AI-based jobs at $111,118 per year.

Here are the top companies that are hiring AI talent as per the Glassdoor research:

1) Amazon

The online retail giant applies AI and ML technologies to improve both their products and services. Amazon Echo is one of their most popular AI-based products that use Alexa, an intelligent personal assistant. After acquiring Kiva, a robotics company in 2012, Amazon implemented an ML algorithm to automate their picking and packaging process. This brought down their ‘Click to ship’ cycle to just 15 minutes, thereby reducing operating costs by 20% while improving inventory capacity by 50%. The company also uses ML technology to identify workflows and enhance their customer interactions. Amazon also has a cloud computing division, Amazon Web Services, which offers AI services. With many AI and ML projects in their bucket, Amazon is one of the top AI companies to work for.

2) NVIDIA

The IT company which featured among Fortune’s top 100 companies to work for in 2017 has big plans for AI. Nvidia’s products include computer chips and platforms with ARM/ GPU that can be used in a variety of devices from drones to automobiles. Their latest graphics processing unit (GPU), Titan V is one of the most powerful GPU of all time and can be used for research in AI and ML. The Glassdoor research ranks Nvidia at number 2 on their list of top companies hiring for AI talent.

3) Microsoft

As one of the leading software companies, Microsoft has been building its AI capabilities on different fronts to drive their business. With a variety of AI-based products and services like Cortona, CNTK, cognitive services, and industry-specific AI apps, Microsoft offers developers many interesting and challenging projects in AI.

4) IBM

Watson is IBM’s most well-known AI projects. IBM’s Watson division is focused on developing cloud-based artificial intelligence technologies for their own products and other organizations. The technology has been used in several spheres including cancer research and retail. IBM is investing heavily in developing their AI capabilities for a wide range of use cases from self-driving cars to hospitality.

5) Accenture

Accenture is investing heavily in combining different technologies with AI and IoT. With the objective of developing AI-based solutions for its clients, Accenture has set up a global network of innovation hubs for developing AI technologies in San Jose, California, and Arlington, Virginia, in the United States; Sophia Antipolis, France; Beijing, China; Bangalore, India; and Dublin, Ireland.

6) Facebook

With over 3 billion users, worldwide, Facebook is the leading social networking site in the world. The company recognized as one of the best places to work in 2018 by Glassdoor is also home to cutting-edge innovations in AI. Their internal group called Facebook AI Research (FAIR) is committed to solving challenges in AI. Apart from acquiring AI companies like Masquerade and Zurich Eye, the company has also invested strategically in their own artificial intelligence labs. The company’s AI research team led by deep learning pioneer, Yann LeCun has many major initiatives planned for 2018 to improve the efficiency of the social media platform.

7) Intel

Intel is investing big time in AI and ML technologies. Apart from developing new ML frameworks and AI chips, the company has invested in many AI startups and acquired AI-focused companies. Saffron Technology is one such company that was acquired by Intel. With a focus on building greater AI capabilities, Intel is among the top 10 companies hiring AI talent in the market.

8) Samsung

The smartphone manufacturer is developing AI technologies to improve camera features, security and user experience of mobile phones. Their AI-powered assistant, Bixby, is designed to deliver a better user experience for mobile phone users. The company is also investing in AI-based startups and have set up AI research centers worldwide.

9) Lenovo

To leverage on AI and ML technologies for manufacturing, the company will invest $1.2 billion in the next two to four years. Their range of AI concept devices includes SmartCast+, an intelligent, interactive speaker that delivers AR experience. Apart from working with renowned tech universities, Lenovo has also set up specialized research labs in the US, Germany, and China.

10)Adobe

Adobe has several new programs and projects focused on building better tools powered by AI. With their Sensei platform based on AI and ML, Adobe plans to offer better user experience to its clients. The company plans to incorporate more AI-based technology in its services and products.

By leading the AI revolution, these top AI companies are among the best places to work for AI experts. In their report titled, How AI Boosts Industry Profits and Innovation, Accenture Research, and Frontier Economics predict that artificial intelligence has the potential to enable 38% profit gains and result in an economic boost of $14 trillions by 2035. With the potential to increase corporate profitability, the AI buzz is here to stay and will pave the way for technological advancements in the future

Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in business

Applications of Artificial Intelligence across various industries

 

Businesses that use Artificial Intelligence (AI) and related technology to reveal new insights “will steal $1.2 trillion per annum from their less informed peers by 2020.” predicts Forrester Research.

Although AI has been around since the 1950s, it is only recently that the technology has begun to find real-world applications (such as Apple’s Siri). The investment in AI by both tech giants as well as start-ups has increased 3 folds to $40 Billion as of 2017.

Recent advances in AI have been helped by three factors:

Access to big data generated from e-commerce, businesses, governments, science, wearables, and social media

Improvement in machine learning (ML) algorithms—due to the availability of large amounts of data

Greater computing power and the rise of cloud-based services—which helps run sophisticated machine learning algorithms.

Applications of AI

AI is important because it can help solve immensely difficult issues in various industries, such as entertainment, education, health, commerce, transport, and utilities. AI applications can be grouped into five categories:

Reasoning: The ability to solve problems through logical deduction. e.g. financial asset management, legal assessment, financial application processing, autonomous weapons systems, games

Knowledge: The ability to present knowledge about the world. e.g. financial market trading, purchase prediction, fraud prevention, drug creation, medical diagnosis, media recommendation

Planning: The ability to set and achieve goals. e.g. inventory management, demand forecasting, predictive maintenance, physical and digital network optimization, navigation, scheduling, logistics

Communication: The ability to understand spoken and written language. e.g. real-time translation of spoken and written languages, real-time transcription, intelligent assistants, voice control

Perception: The ability to infer things about the world via sounds, images, and other sensory inputs. e.g. medical diagnosis, autonomous vehicles, surveillance

Here is an infographic by Mckinsey that shows the extent to which AI can be used end-to-end in the retail industry from identifying customers to personalizing promotion to inventory management.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in retail

Source: McKinsey

AI trends in various sectors

1. Healthcare

AI and ML technology has been particularly useful in the healthcare industry because it generates massive amounts of data to train with and enables algorithms to spot patterns faster than human analysts.

Medecision developed an algorithm that detects 8 variables in diabetes patients to determine if hospitalization is required.

An app called BiliScreen utilizes a smartphone camera, ML tools, and computer vision algorithms to detect increased levels of bilirubin in the sclera (white portion) of a person’s eye, which is used to screen people for pancreatic cancer. This cancer has no telltale symptoms, hence it has one of the worst prognoses of all cancers.

NuMedii, a biopharma company, has developed a platform called Artificial Intelligence for Drug Discovery (AIDD), which uses big data and AI to detect the link between diseases and drugs at the systems level.

GNS Healthcare uses ML algorithms to match patients with the most effective treatments for them.

2. Entertainment

A familiar application of AI in everyday life is seen with services like Netflix or Amazon, wherein ML algorithms analyze the user’s activity and compare it with that of other users to determine which shows or products to recommend. The algorithms are becoming intelligent with time—to the extent of understanding that a user may want to buy a product as a gift and not for himself/herself, or that different family members have different watching preferences.

3. Finance

Financial services companies use AI-based natural language processing tools to analyze brand sentiment from social media platforms and provide actionable advice.

Investment companies like Aidya and Nomura Securities use AI algorithms to conduct trading autonomously and robo-traders to conduct high-frequency trading for greater profits, respectively.

Fintech firms like Kensho and ForwardLane use AI-powered B2C robo-advisors to augment rebalancing decisions and portfolio management performed by human analysts. Wealthfront uses AI algorithms to track account activity and help financial advisors customize their advice.

Chatbots, powered by natural language processing, can serve banking customers quickly and efficiently by answering common queries and providing information promptly.

Fraud detection is an important application of AI in financial services. For example, Mastercard uses Decision Intelligence technology to analyze various data points to detect fraudulent transactions, improve real-time approval accuracy, and reduce false declines.

4. Data security

Cyber attacks are becoming a growing reality with the move to a digital world. There are also concerns about AI programs themselves turning against systems.

Automatic exploit generation (AEG) is a bot that can determine whether a software bug, which may cause security issues, is exploitable. If a vulnerability is found, the bot automatically secures it. AEG systems help develop automated signature generation algorithms that can predict the likelihood of cyberattacks.

PatternEx and MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) have developed an AI platform called AI2 which claims to predict cyber attacks better than existing systems. The platform uses Active Contextual Modeling, a continuous feedback loop between a human analyst and the AI system, to provide an attack detection rate that is better than ML-only solutions by a factor of 10.

Deep Instinct, an institutional intelligence company, says that malware code varies between 2%-10% in every iteration and that its AI model is able to handle the variations and accurately predict which files are malware.

5. Manufacturing

Landing.ai claims to have created machine-vision tools to find microscopic defects in objects like circuit boards using an ML algorithm trained using tiny volumes of sample images. In the future, self-driving robots may be created which can move finished goods around without endangering anyone or anything around.

Robots in factories are often stationary but are still in danger of crashing into objects around it. A new concept called collaborative robots or “cobots, enabled by AI, can take instructions from humans, including instructions that the robot has not been previously exposed to, and work productively with them.

AI algorithms can influence the manufacturing supply chain by detecting the patterns of demand for products across geographies, socioeconomic segments, and time, and predicting market demand. This, in turn, will affect inventory, raw material sourcing, financing decisions, human staffing, energy consumption, and maintenance of equipment.

AI tools help in predicting malfunctions and breakdown of equipment and taking or recommending preemptive actions as well as tracking operating conditions and performance of factory tooling.

6. Automotive industry

Tesla introduced TeslaBot, an intelligent virtual assistant integrated with Tesla models S and X, allows users to interact with their car from their phone or desktop.

Uber AI Labs is working on developing self-driven cars with the help of the best engineers and scientists. Uber has already tested a batch of self-driving cars in 2016.

Nvidia has partnered with Volkswagen to develop “intelligent co-pilot systems” in cars that will enable safety warnings, gesture control, and voice and facial recognition.

Ericsson predicts that 5G technology will improve vehicle-to-vehicle communication wherein sensors will be implanted in airport runways, railways, and roads.

Conclusion

Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba, warned the audience at the World Economic Forum 2018 at Davos that AI and big data were a threat to humans and would disable people instead of empowering them. However, given the sweeping real-world applications of AI and ML and the constant advancements in the field, it is more likely that the technology will transform the way we work—enabling faster, more informed decisions, increasing operational efficiency, and innovating new products and services.